ʻO nā mea ʻulaʻula sulfurhe mau molekele heterocyclic paʻakikī a hui pū ʻia e ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i nā pūhui organik i loaʻa nā pūʻulu amino a i ʻole nitro me Na-polysulphide a me Sulphur.Kapa ʻia nā wai ʻulaʻula no ka mea aia lākou a pau i ka pilina Sulfur i loko o kā lākou mau mole.

ʻO nā waihoʻoluʻu sulfur ka waihoʻoluʻu loa, nā pūhui hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka wai a pono e hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā ʻano substantive hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai (lucoforms) ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea textile.Lawe ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana e ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa e like me Na2S aqueous dilute.No ka mea he mea nui kēia lucoform o ka wai kala Sulfur i nā mea cellulosic.Hoʻopili ʻia lākou ma ka ʻili fiber.A laila hoʻololi hou ʻia lākou i ke ʻano wai ʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka oxidation.Hoʻokō ʻia kēia hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma o ka "ewa" (ka ʻike ʻana i ka ea) a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokahe e like me Na-dichromate (Na2Cr2O7).

Hoʻololi nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka "S" i ke kala i loko o ka hui -SH a me nā pilina Sulfur.A laila, i loko o ka mea, ua oxidized nā thiols i loko o nā pūʻulu –SH a no laila e hoʻohuli hou ʻia i ke ʻano kumu o ka wai.

Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka lalo:

Wailu-SS-Wai + 2[H] = Wailu-SH + HS-Wai

Wailu-SH + HS-Wai + [O] = Wailu-SS-Wai + H₂O

Hāʻawi ka Sulfur i ka hopena maikaʻi loa (Bright Tone) ke hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i nā aka ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele & ʻeleʻele akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā aka ʻulaʻula e nā kala Sulfur.
 
Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka mōʻaukala o nā wai kala Sulfur ma lalo nei:

1. ʻO nā mea waihoʻoluʻu Sulfur mua i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1873 i hoʻomehana ʻia i ʻike i ka lepo, ka paʻakai a me ka Sulphur.Ua hiki mai ia mea i ka wā e kahe ana ka ipu hoʻonā i loaʻa iā Na2S a hoʻohana ʻia ka lepo ʻili e holoi i ka hopena e puka mai ana.Ma hope mai, pili mai kekahi lole pulupulu me keia sawdust i haumia a lilo i lepo.

2. ʻO ka mea paionia maoli o nā mea kala Sulfur he vidal nāna i hoʻopuka i ka vidal ʻeleʻele (Name of Sulfur dye) ma o ka hui ʻana i ka para-phenylene diamine me Na2S & Sulfur i ka makahiki 1893.

3. I ka makahiki 1897, hana mai la o Kalischer i ka Immedial Black FF ma ka hoohana ana i ka 2, 4-dinitro-4-dihydroxy diphenylamine me Na-poly sulphide.

4. I ka makahiki 1896 Read Holliday i hoʻolauna mai ai i ke ʻano o nā mea ʻeleʻele hina, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele Sulfur ma o ka hana ʻana o Sulphur, alkali sulphides a me nā mea hoʻohuihui he nui.