Nui nā waihoʻoluʻu o ka puaʻa hao oxide, mai melemele a ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele.ʻO ka ʻulaʻula hao hao he ʻano puaʻa hao.Loaʻa iā ia ka mana huna maikaʻi a me ka mana tinting, ke kūʻē kemika, ka paʻa ʻana o ke kala, ka dispersibility, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao hao i ka hana ʻana i nā pena papahele a me nā pena kai.Ma muli o kāna hana anti-rust maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia nō ka mea kumu nui no ka hana ʻana i nā pena anti-rust a me nā primers.Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula hao i ka ≤0.01μm, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka mana huna o ka puaʻa i loko o ka mea kūlohelohe.Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano puaʻa iron oxide transparent, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e hana ai i ka pena kala ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka pena uila uila.